Decades before Stonewall, deep in the murk of the Depression, a University of Washington grad student infiltrated the Hooverville homeless encampment on Seattle’s waterfront, encountered “rampant” homosexuality, and got the following offer from one of his gentleman neighbors:
“If you live with me I’ll treat you fine and get you a good job later when I get mine back. I always get my boys jobs and they always come to amount to something.”
I found this story of a quid pro quo in the 1935 master’s thesis of Donald Francis Roy, who would go on – presumably without his suitor’s help – to become a Duke University sociology professor. Roy described his suitor as a man “who sought to win the writer’s favor after the loss of a former male paramour.”
His thesis sketched Hooverville’s sexual realities like this:
“Homosexuality is undoubtedly rampant. Women may be scarce, but there is certainly no dearth of fellow-men. While most of the ‘natives’ would be loathe to confess such a stigmatizing relationship, several make no pretense of concealing their ‘marital’ status.”
Roy documented a “Negro, who had wooed and won a white lad, turned out indeed to be a good provider, but insisted that his ‘wife’ perform a few household duties, and from this demand there arose a domestic discord that ended in tragedy. After months of wrangling over the question of who should sweep out the shack, during which time the place accumulated more and more dirt and rubbish, the white boy turned upon his nagging 'husband’ with a revolver and shot him.”
To find Roy’s teeming thesis, as I did, by sitting in my house and downloading scans of typewritten pages almost a decade older than my parents, is to appreciate that we live in a golden age for couch-potato curiosity. History literally awaits us.
In 1998, back when I first moved to Seattle, I read a classic local history, Skid Road by Murray Morgan. One snippet from the book stuck in my mind ever since: “Mr. Roy had as neighbors 632 men and 7 women. The men ranged in age from fifteen (a young homosexual) to seventy-three (a destitute physician) …”
Morgan made no other mentions of homosexuality at Hooverville. Morgan cited a research paper full of gay people and gave readers only one gay person. He left out the men I mentioned above. He left out an offer Roy got to “stay with me and I’ll hustle you all the food you can eat. I’ll bring you chickens, pork chops, oranges or anything you want.” He certainly left out Hooverville’s “undoubtedly rampant” gayness.
All those omissions may explain why Morgan’s “fifteen (a young homosexual)” stuck with me. I found the four words — and the life story they implied — incomplete and therefore compelling. What did it mean, in 1930s America, to be a homeless gay teenager? Was he out to his Hooverville neighbors? Did they hurt him? Did they tease him? Did they pool their pennies to hire a bargain-basement prostitute to turn him straight?
In 2010, a full dozen years after I read the book the first time, I finally returned to it and found that Morgan’s source for “fifteen (a young homosexual)” was Roy’s “Hooverville A Study of a Community of Homeless Men in Seattle.” With absurd ease, Google spirited me to a University of Washington website and an occasionally illegible scan of Roy’s thesis. I found what I take to be the kid on page 42. He’s 16, not 15.
Roy wrote, “The youngest resident encountered by the investigator was a white boy of sixteen, who dwelt for several months in connubial felicity with a man of fifty-three.”
Maybe Roy’s turn of phrase — “connubial felicity” — is exactly right. I’m left to hope so. Because my first thought of a boy or girl mired in a Depression-era shantytown as the sexual partner of a man 37 years older feels more bleak than blissful, more opportunistic than connubial. Roy, in fact, describes the boy as a “chronic adulterer” and tells the story of how “he was caught in the act one day by an outraged spouse and promptly divorced.” Roy writes, “the lad left the community immediately.” To where? To what? To whom? Roy doesn’t say.
But at least Roy gave us more than the skeletal facts of “fifteen (a young homosexual).” And I wonder, since the boy would be roughly the same age as my nimble Nana* who still volunteers every Tuesday at the public library, if he’s out there somewhere mocking the actuarial odds. Failing that, it’s both thrilling and daunting to know that more of his story — and that entire community’s story — might be out there, somewhere.
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* My grandmother died during the almost six years since I wrote this and set it aside. I mention that only as a way of saying that time has passed, and I haven’t gotten around to doing what I really want to do: go to Tacoma, look through Murray Morgan’s papers, and see if he ever wrote a draft of Skid Road that didn’t erase Hooverville’s gay people.
I’m posting this now because this week The Stranger published “Books About Seattle That Everyone Should Read” and Skid Road is on the list. Eli Sanders put it on there. He also recommended a book called Gay Seattle, which might conceivably tell me everything I want to know about this. I’ll add it to my list, but first I’ll be reading Eli’s own book, which comes out Tuesday.